The global neuromorphic chip market is projected to grow at 21.7% CAGR, reaching $8.3B by 2030 (Yole Développement).

The migration to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is now urgent, with global standardization efforts led by NIST’s PQC Project (2016–present).

Energy harvesting (EH) systems address these challenges by converting ambient energy into electrical power. The global EH market for IoT is projected to reach $2.3 billion by 2030, growing at 18.3% CAGR (Allied Market Research).

Network latency, defined as the time delay between a data packet's transmission and reception, has emerged as the critical performance metric in modern electronic systems. While 4G networks achieved average latencies of 50ms, 5G Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) specifications mandate sub-1ms delays - a 50x improvement enabling revolutionary applications from tactile internet to autonomous systems.

Metaverse users will exceed 5 billion by 2030, requiring advanced hardware to enable immersive experiences. This article evaluates cutting-edge devices.

Global e-waste reached 53.6 million metric tons in 2022, with only 17.4% recycled. This article explores the environmental toll and emerging circular economy strategies.

Training large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 requires 364 teraflops of computing power—beyond traditional CPUs. This article examines specialized AI accelerators.

Quantum computers promise to solve problems classical systems can’t, from drug discovery to climate modeling. This article dissects qubit technology, industry leaders, and ethical implications.

The Internet of Things (IoT) generates 2.5 quintillion bytes of data daily, yet traditional cloud computing struggles with latency and bandwidth. Edge computing—processing data locally at its source—is emerging as the solution. This article explores its technical architecture, real-world applications, and challenges.

In the dynamic realm of computers and electronics, computer hardware has been undergoing a series of revolutionary changes. These advancements not only drive the performance of computers to new heights but also reshape the entire landscape of the digital world.